![]() Survey Patterns (Township-and-Range) (U.S.A) land is divided into six-mile square blocks (township), which is then divided into one-mile square blocks (range). Survey Patterns (Metes and Bounds) Uses physical features of the local geography, along with directions and distances, to define the boundaries of a particular piece of land. Slash and Burn a farming method involving the cutting of trees, then burning them to provide ash-enriched soil for the planting of crops Survey Patterns (Long Lots) Houses erected on narrow lots perpendicular along a river, so that each original settler had equal river access. an American geographer who proposed that cultural landscapes are made up of "the superimposed on the physical landscape." Second Agricultural Revolution tools and equipment were modified, methods of soil preparation, fertilization, crop care, and harvesting improved the general organization of agriculture made more efficient Shifting Cultivation A form of subsistence agriculture in which people shift activity from one field to another each field is used for crops for relatively few years and left fallow for a relatively long period. Village Form Rural Settlement a number of families live in close proximity to each other, with fields surrounding the collection of houses and farm buildings (Blake Dial) Sauer, Carl O. Nucleated Rural Settlement a clustered village pattern Building Material Rural Settlement houses and buildings are typically built from materials that are abundant in the area. Almost all plantations were established within the tropics in recent decades, many have been divided into smaller holdings or reorganized as cooperatives Dispersed Rural Settlement A rural settlement pattern characterized by isolated farms rather than clustered villages. Plantation Agriculture production system based on a large estate owned by an individual, family, or corporation and organized to produce a cash crop. ![]() Nomadic Herding/Pastoralism the raising of livestock for food by moving herds from place to place to find pasture and water Plant Domestication Genetic modification of a plant such that its reproductive success depends on human intervention. Mediterranean Agriculture an agricultural system practiced in the mediterranean-style climates of Western Europe, California, and portions of Chile and Australia, in which diverse specialty crops such as grapes, avocados, olives, and a host of nuts, fruits, and vegetables comprise profitable agricultural operations. Distinguishable by the large diversity of crops grown on a small area of land, during a single growing season. Intertillage the clearing of rows in the field through the use of hoes, rakes, & other manual equipment Market Gardening The small scale production of fruits, vegetables, and flowers as cash crops sold directly to local consumers. Intensive Subsistence Agriculture A form of subsistence agriculture in which farmers must expend a relatively large amount of effort to produce the maximum feasible yield from a parcel of land. First Agricultural Revolution dating back 10,000 years, achieved plant domestication and animal domestication Green Revolution A significant increase in agricultural productivity resulting from the introduction of high-yield varieties of grains, the use of pesticides, and improved management techniques Hunting and Gathering The killing of wild animals and fish as well as the gathering of fruits, roots, nuts, and other plants for sustenance. Extensive Subsistence Agriculture self-sufficiency farming in which farmers grow only enough food to feed their families Extractive Industry a business that explores for, removes and processes, and sells minerals, oil, and gas that are found on or beneath the earth's surface and are nonrenewable Feedlot Confined outdoor or indoor space used to raise hundreds to thousands of domesticated livestock. Examples include finance, administration, insurance, and legal services. ![]() Primary Economic Activity economic activity concerned with the direct extraction of natural resources from the environment- such as mining, fishing, lumbering, and especially agriculture Secondary Economic Activity economic activity involving the processing of raw materials and their transformation into finished industrial products the manufacturing sector Tertiary Economic Activity economic activity associated with the provision of services-such as transportation, banking, retailing, education, and routine office-based jobs Quaternary Economic Activity service sector industries concerned with the collection, processing, and manipulation of information and capital. ![]() Double Cropping Harvesting twice a year from the same field.
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